EXPLANATION TEXT

 Definition of explanation text

      Explanation is a text which tells processes relating to forming of natural, social, scientific and cultural phenomena. Explanation text is to say ‘why’ and ‘how’ of the forming of the phenomena. It is often found in science, geography and history text books.

Generic Structure of Explanation Text

– General statement

General statement; stating the phenomenon issues which are to be explained.

– Sequenced of explanation

Sequenced explanation; stating a series of steps which explain the phenomena.

Purpose of Explanation Text

– Explanation is a text which tells processes relating to forming of natural, social, scientific, and cultural phenomena.

– To explain how or why something happens.

Language Features of Explanation Text

In an explanation text, there are linguistic features as below :

– Using simple present tense

Because it explains the facts, the tense used is the present tense.

– Using abstract noun (no visible noun)

To turn verbs into things you can stabilize and keep separate. Thus the verb 'to satisfy' can become satisfaction. 'To think' can become thought.

– Using Passive voice

passive voice is used when the explanation focuses on the process or action, for example is produced, are fermented, is reflected, and others.

– Using Action verbs

 Is a verb used to describe an action taking place. for example, produces, enters, moves, and so on.

– Containing explanation of the process ..

Using Chronological Connectors Almost all texts use chronological connectors. 

Examples of chronological connectors:

First

Second

After that

Next

Then

Finally

etc.

Example of Explanation Text about Natural Phenomenon

How does Earthquake Happen?

       Earthquakes are usually caused when rock underground suddenly breaks along a fault. This sudden release of energy causes the seismic waves that make the ground shake. When two blocks of rock or two plates are rubbing against each other, they stick a little. 

Explanation Text About Aurora

        Do you know about aurora? Can you tell me how aurora occurs? Well, let me explain it. An aurora (Latin word mean “sunrise”) is natural light display in the sky in the poles (north and south) caused by the collision of energetic charged particles with atoms in the high altitude atmosphere. In the northern latitude, the effect is known as aurora borealis (aurora: the goddess dawn, borealis: north wind). While in the Antarctic region, the effect is known as aurora australis. They illuminate the northern and southern horizon as greenish glow or sometimes faint red, occasionally blue but most often in fluorescent green. Auroras can be seen at night because their light is not as strong as the light of the day.

       The aurora phenomenon occurs when the sun produces solar wind. Solar wind is a stream of electrons and protons which are released from the sun due to the high kinetic energy. These particles are charged and contain energy, which means they contribute to electricity. In other way, our planet is surrounded by a super-sized magnetic sheath which is usually called the Magnetic Field of the Earth. Sometimes this solar wind hits the Earth. Some of these charged particles lead to the poles of the earth at a speed that keeps growing. The collision between these particles and atoms present in the earth’s atmosphere, it releases the energy that causes the formation of colorful auroras at the poles of the earth, which looks like a big circle around the pole.

        Why Aurora is only found in the earth’s poles? This is because the north and South Pole magnetic field is very strong compared to other regions. The poles of this magnetic field pull the protons and electrons from the solar wind. So the phenomenon is more common in the Polar Regions.

PART D

PART D

PART D 

PART E

Example Question :

Recycling is a collection, processing, and reuse of materials that would otherwise be thrown away. Materials ranging from precious metals to broken glass, from old newspapers to plastic spoons, can be recycled. The recycling process reclaims the original material and uses it in new products.

In general, using recycled materials to make new products costs less and requires less energy than using new materials. Recycling can also reduce pollution, either by reducing the demand for high-pollution alternatives or by minimizing the amount of pollution produced during the manufacturing process.

Paper products that can be recycled include cardboard containers, wrapping paper, and office paper. The most commonly recycled paper product is newsprint. In newspaper recycling, old newspapers are collected and searched for contaminants such as plastic bags and aluminum foil. The paper goes to a processing plant where it is mixed with hot water and turned into pulp in a machine that works much like a big kitchen blender. The pulp is screened and filtered to remove smaller contaminants. The pulp then goes to a large vat where the ink separates from the paper fibers and fl oats to the surface. The ink is skimmed off, dried and reused as ink or burned as boiler fuel. The cleaned pulp is mixed with new wood fibers to be made into paper again.

Experts estimate the average office worker generates about 5 kg of wastepaper per month. Every ton of paper that is recycled saves about 1.4 cu m (about 50 cu ft) of landfill space. One ton of recycled paper saves 17 pulpwood trees (trees used to produce paper).

1. The following things can be recycled, EXCEPT….

A. Precious metals

B. Broken glass

C. Old newspapers

D. Plastic spoons

E. Fresh vegetables and fruits (correct)

2. Which of the following is NOT the benefit of recycling?

A. It costs much money for the process of recycling

B. It costs less to make new products

C. It requires less energy

D. It can reduce pollution

E. It reduces the demand for high-pollution alternatives (correct)

3. What is the third step of recycling paper products?

A. Collect and search for contaminants such as plastic bags and aluminium foil

B. Mix the paper with hot water in a blender which turns it into pulp

C. Screen and filter the pulp to remove smaller contaminants (correct)

D. Put the pulp to a large vat to separate the ink from the paper fibres

E. Mix the pulp with new wood fibres to be made into paper again

4. We can make use of the ink after being separated from the paper fibres by doing the followings, EXCEPT….

A. Skim it off

B. Dry it

C. Reuse as ink

D. Burn as boiler fuel

E. Mix it with the pulp (correct)